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In brushless motor fans, the choice of the number of magnetic poles directly affects the motor’s rotational speed, noise level, operational stability and cost. So, what are the requirements for the number of rotor poles and stator slots in different types of fans?
Household floor fans and table fans have certain requirements regarding cost, rotational speed stability and noise levels; they are generally best suited to an 8–10-pole magnet configuration, with a typical stator slot count of 12. Of these, the 8-pole configuration is relatively low-cost and is suitable for entry-level fans. The 10-pole configuration further improves operational smoothness and noise performance, and is therefore more commonly found in mid- to high-end domestic fans.
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Ceiling fans and air circulation fans typically place greater emphasis on smooth operation and quiet performance at low speeds; consequently, 10–12-pole magnets can be used in conjunction with 12-slot or 18-slot stators. In particular, configurations such as 10 poles with 12 slots or 12 poles with 18 slots can reduce torque ripple during low-speed operation, resulting in smoother fan operation and making it easier to keep noise levels low.
For industrial fans and commercial high-airflow fans, greater emphasis is placed on high-speed efficiency, airflow and motor durability. For these products, more magnetic poles do not necessarily equate to better performance; 6–8-pole configurations can meet the requirements of many applications and can be paired with 12-slot or 24-slot stators. A lower number of magnetic poles helps to reduce certain losses and is suitable for high-frequency drives above 50 Hz, which helps to improve high-speed efficiency and reduce maintenance costs.
It should be noted that there is no fixed combination of pole number and stator slot count that is suitable for all fans. The actual design must be determined comprehensively, taking into account the motor’s rotational speed, power, drive frequency, slot-pole matching, magnet dimensions and control method.
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